Physical property analysis of biodiesel from nyamplung and used cooking oil: density, viscosity, calorific value, and flash point

Wahyudi Wahyudi; Muhammad Nadjib; Achmad Faizi

doi:10.30811/jpl.v22i2.4565

Physical property analysis of biodiesel from nyamplung and used cooking oil: density, viscosity, calorific value, and flash point

Wahyudi Wahyudi, Muhammad Nadjib, Achmad Faizi

Abstract

The increasing dem and for energy and the depletion of fossil fuel shas led to the exploration of alternative fuels like biodiesel, which require sref inement tomatch diesel oil properties. This study investigates the combination of nyamplung oil, a non-edible potential source, with waste cooking oil for biodiesel production, aiming to improve its physical properties. Through a method ological approachin volving degumming, esterification, and transesterification, biodiesel was produce dfrom these oils in 11 different blend compositions. The physical properties of these blends, including density, viscosity, flashpoint, and calorific value, were rigorously tested. Results indicate that incorporating waste cooking oil into nyamplung biodiesel significantly reduces viscosity, density, and flashpoint while increasing the calorific value. Specifically, the addition of waste cooking oil altered the density from 912.74 kg/m³ in pure nyamplung biodiesel to 857.27 kg/m³, decreased the viscosity from 28.02 cStto 4.58 cSt, reduced the flash point from 223°C to 197°C, and increased the heating value from 7,626.59 cal/g to 8,348.94 cal/g.

Keywords

Nyamplung, used cooking oil, biodiesel, physical properties.

Full Text:

PDF

References

M. U. H. Suzihaque, H. Alwi, U. Kalthum Ibrahim, S. Abdullah, and N. Haron, “Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: A brief review,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 63, pp. S490–S495, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.04.527.

J. Afandi and A. Wibawa, “ImplementasiEnergiTerbarukan dan Urgensinya Dalam Lingkungan Hidup Society 5.0,” JITET, vol. 2, no. 1, Art. no. 1, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.17977/um068v2i12022p44-49.

G. K. Deshmukh, A. Rehman, and R. Gupta, “Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Compression-Ignition Engine fuelled with Transesterified-Jatropha Biodiesel-Diesel Blends,” International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER), vol. 11, no. 2, Art. no. 2, Jun. 2021.

S. Brahma et al., “Biodiesel production from mixed oils: A sustainable approach towards industrial biofuel production,” Chemical Engineering Journal Advances, vol. 10, pp. 1–31, May 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100284.

H. W. Aparamarta, S. Gunawan, H. Husin, B. Azhar, and H. Tri Aditya, “The effect of high oleic and linoleic fatty acid composition for quality and economical of biodiesel from crude Calophylluminophyllum oil (CCIO) with microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), batchwise solvent extraction (BSE), and combination of MAE–BSE methods,” Energy Reports, vol. 6, pp. 3240–3248, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2020.11.197.

W. Wahyudi, M. Nadjib, M. C. Novela, and O. D. Aprilia, “The effect of palm biodiesel composition on the physical properties of Calophylluminophyllum-palm biodiesel mixture,” IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 1034, no. 1, p. 012076, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/1034/1/012076.

N. H. Che Hamzah, N. Khairuddin, B. M. Siddique, and M. A. Hassan, “Potential of Jatropha curcas L. as Biodiesel Feedstock in Malaysia: A Concise Review,” Processes, vol. 8, no. 7, Art. no. 7, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.3390/pr8070786.

S. H. Park et al., “Biodiesel Production from Locally Sourced Restaurant Waste Cooking Oil and Grease: Synthesis, Characterization, and Performance Evaluation,” ACS Omega, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 7775–7784, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00268.

T. M. I. Riayatsyahet al., “Biodiesel Production from Reutealistrisperma Oil Using Conventional and Ultrasonication through Esterification and Transesterification,” Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 6, Art. no. 6, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.3390/su13063350.

S. K. Hoekman, A. Broch, C. Robbins, E. Ceniceros, and M. Natarajan, “Review of biodiesel composition, properties, and specifications,” Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 143–169, 2012.

W. Wahyudi, I. N. G. Wardana, A. Widodo, and W. Wijayanti, “Improving Vegetable Oil Properties by Transforming Fatty Acid Chain Length in Jatropha Oil and Coconut Oil Blends,” Energies, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 394, 2018.

W. Wahyudi, M. Nadjib, D. M. Pahlevi, and B. S. N. Rohman, “Improving biodiesel properties by mixing jatropha oil and soybean oil,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing, 2020, p. 012005.

C. Adhikesavan, D. Ganesh, and V. Charles Augustin, “Effect of quality of waste cooking oil on the properties of biodiesel, engine performance and emissions,” Cleaner Chemical Engineering, vol. 4, p. 100070, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.clce.2022.100070.

P. A. Handayani, R. Wulansarie, P. Husaen, and I. M. Ulfayanti, “Esterification Of Nyamplung (CalophyllumInophyllum) Oil With Ionic Liquid Catalyst Of Bmimhso4 And Microwaves-Assisted,” Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan, vol. 7, no. 1, Art. no. 1, Mar. 2018, doi: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11407.

U. S. P. R. Arachchige, K. A. V. Miyuranga, D. Thilakarathne, R. A. Jayasinghe, and N. A. Weerasekara, “Biodiesel-Alkaline Transesterification Process for Methyl Ester Production,” NEPT, vol. 20, no. 5, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.46488/NEPT.2021.v20i05.013.

Y. Zhang, Y. Zhong, S. Lu, Z. Zhang, and D. Tan, “A Comprehensive Review of the Properties, Performance, Combustion, and Emissions of the Diesel Engine Fueled with Different Generations of Biodiesel,” Processes, vol. 10, no. 6, Art. no. 6, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.3390/pr10061178.

N. Acharya, P. Nanda, S. Panda, and S. Acharya, “Analysis of properties and estimation of optimum blending ratio of blended mahua biodiesel,” Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 511–517, Apr. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.jestch.2016.12.005.

W. Wahyudi, M. Nadjib, M. F. Bari, and F. W. Permana, “Increasing of quality biodiesel of Jatropha seed oil with biodiesel mixture of waste cooking oil,” Journal of Biotech Research, vol. 10, pp. 183–189, 2019.

W. Saputro, J. Sentanuhady, A. I. Majid, W. Prasidha, N. P. Gunawan, and T. Y. Raditya, “KarakteristikUnjukKerjaMesin Diesel Menggunakan Bahan Bakar B100 dan B20 Dalam Jangka Panjang,” Journal of Mechanical Design and Testing, vol. 2, no. 2, Art. no. 2, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.22146/jmdt.55523.

A. Bhikuning, B. Setiawan, J. F. Jati, J. D. I. Wijaya, and M. Hafnan, “Study of Properties and Structural Functional Group of Blending Low and High Boiling Point Fuel: The Case of Ethanol with Fuel,” JurnalPolimesin, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 272–277, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.30811/jpl.v21i3.2982.

P. Tamilselvan et al., “Influence of saturated fatty acid material composition in biodiesel on its performance in internal combustion engines,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 33, pp. 1181–1186, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.626.

S. Pawar, J. Hole, M. Bankar, S. Khan, and S. Wankhade, “Use of Fatty Acid Chemical Composition for Predicting Higher Calorific Value of Biodiesel,” Materials Today: Proceedings, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2023.01.375.

N. Acharya, P. Nanda, S. Panda, and S. Acharya, “A comparative study of stability characteristics of mahua and jatropha biodiesel and their blends,” Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 184–190, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jksues.2017.09.003.

I. A. Ibadurrohman, N. Hamidi, L. Yuliati, and B. Amadeus, “Experimental investigation on the effect of carbon chain length to the droplet combustion characteristic of fatty acid methyl ester,” Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 1034, 2020, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/1034/1/012060.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/jpl.v22i2.4565