Optimization of electroplating thickness results for SS400 steel using the Taguchi method

Ahmad Adib Rosyadi; Firman Gustiawan; Mahros Darsin; Yuni Hermawan; Mochamad Asrofi

doi:10.30811/jpl.v20i2.2860

Optimization of electroplating thickness results for SS400 steel using the Taguchi method

Ahmad Adib Rosyadi, Firman Gustiawan, Mahros Darsin, Yuni Hermawan, Mochamad Asrofi

Abstract

SS400 steel is steel with a low carbon content (max 0.17 %C) or low carbon steel. SS400 applications are widely used in the construction industry, railway industry, bridges and others. The use of SS400 which is in direct contact with the surrounding environment will cause the appearance, quality, and usefulness of the material or material to decrease. One way to prevent and improve metal performance is electroplating. This study used SS400 carbon steel with chrome coating. The parameters in this study are a voltage of 3, 6, and 9 Volts; the temperature of 45, 50, and 55 oC; and the time of 20, 25, and 30 minutes. The Taguchi method L9(33) was used to design the experiments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that factors of chroming time, voltage, and temperature contribute to coating thickness at the level of 40.615%; 24.951%; and 10.369%, respectively. The maximum thickness of 47.340 µm could be achieved when using combination factors of plating time of 30 minutes, at 9 Volts, and keeping the temperature of the solution at 50 oC.

Keywords

SS400 steel, electroplating, chrome coating, Taguchi

Full Text:

PDF

References

N. Ali, T. E. Putra, Husaini, V. Z. Iskandar, and S.Thalib, “Corrosion Rate of Low Carbon Steel for Construction Materials in Various NaCl Concentrations Corrosion Rate of Low Carbon Steel for Construction Materials in Various NaCl Concentrations,” in International Conference on Science and Innovated Engineering (I-COSINE), 2019, pp. 1–6. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/536/1/012015.

ASM International, ASM Metals HandBook Volume 1 - Properties and Selections - Irons Steels and High and Performance, vol. 2. 2001. [Online]. Available: http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=eC-Zt1J4oCgC

MatWeb, “Overview of materials for Low Carbon Steel,” MatWeb Material Properties, 2022. https://www.matweb.com/search/DataSheet.aspx?MatGUID=034970339dd14349a8297d2c83134649&ckck=1 (accessed Apr. 14, 2022).

MatWeb, “AISI 4340 Steel, annealed, 25 mm round,” MatWeb Materials Properties, 2022. http://www.matweb.com/search/DataSheet.aspx?MatGUID=fd1b43a97a8a44129b32b9de0d7d6c1a&ckck=1 (accessed Apr. 11, 2022).

V. M. Pratiwi, “Study of AISI 1020 Steel Characterization By Zinc- Electroplating Treatment,” Mater. Res. Commun., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 34–41, 2020.

R. Riastuti, F. Herdino, A. Rifki, C. Ramadini, and S. T. Siallagan, “The effect of sodium citrate as an additive on properties of electroplated nickel on SPCC steel,” AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 2043, 2018, doi: 10.1063/1.5080032.

H. H. Lou and Y. Huang, “Electroplating,” in Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing, Taylor & Francis, 2006, pp. 1–10. doi: 10.1081/E-ECHP-120007747.

N. A. Hamza, A. S. Majeed, and S. M. Jawd, “Review on Types and Methods of Electroplating on Metals,” J. Power Electron. Devices, vol. 7, no. April, pp. 44–51, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350872502

A. M. Lazarenkov, “A study of working conditions in electroplating shops,” Foundry Prod. Metall., no. 3, pp. 160–162, 2019, doi: 10.21122/1683-6065-2019-3-160-162.

A. S. Pamungkas, H. Prasetyo, and N. Mulyaningsih, “Pengaruh Variasi Temperatur Elektroplating terhadap Ketebalan Lapisan Nikel Baja ST37 Grafik Hubungan Temperatur dan Tebal Nikel,” MER-C, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 3–5, 2018, [Online]. Available: http://jom.untidar.ac.id/index.php/merc/article/viewFile/121/pdf

Paridawati, “Analisa Besar Pengaruh Tegangan Listrik terhadap Ketebalan Pelapisan Chrome Pada Pelat Baja dengan Proses Electroplating,” J. Ilm. Tek. Meisn, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 36–44, 2013, [Online]. Available: https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/97467-ID-analisa-besar-pengaruh-tegangan-listrik.pdf

D. T. Ngon, L. C. Cuong, and N. V. Phoi, “Study of the Effect of Chrome Coating Layer to the Fatigue Strength of the Axial Machine Parts,” in Proceedings - 3rd International Conference on Green Technology and Sustainable Development, GTSD 2016, Dec. 2016, pp. 135–140. doi: 10.1109/GTSD.2016.40.

A. Saleh, Teknik Pelapisan Logam dengan Cara Listrik. Bandung: Yrama Widya, 2014.

N. G. Furqon and S. Sulistijono, “Pengaruh Densitas Arus dan Waktu Kontak Efektif Elektrolit Gel terhadap Ketebalan dan Kekuatan Lekat Lapisan Krom pada Baja dengan Metode Elektroplating,” J. Tek. ITS, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. F134–F139, 2015, [Online]. Available: http://ejurnal.its.ac.id/index.php/teknik/article/view/9138

M. Darsin, A. A. Rosyadi, P. R. Kurniawan, and M. S. Hussin, “Optimization of adhesive strength of chrome coating of SS400 using Taguchi method,” Adv. Eng. Sci., vol. 54, no. 01, pp. 947–959, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://www.gkyj-aes-20963246.com/article/optimization-of-adhesive-strength-of- chrome-coating-of-ss400-using-taguchi-method

C. H. Seah, S. Mridha, and L. H. Chan, “Adhesive strength of electroplated copper films,” J. Mater. Process. Technol. , vol. 114, pp. 252–255, 2001.

A. Rasyad and B. Budiarto, “Analisis Pengaruh Temperatur, Waktu, dan Kuat Arus Proses Elektroplating terhadap Kekuatan Tarik, Kekuatan Tekuk dan Kekerasan pada Baja Karbon Rendah,” J. Rekayasa Mesin, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 173–182, 2018, doi: 10.21776/ub.jrm.2018.009.03.4.

M. Y. Niam, H. Purwanto, and S. M. B. Respati, “Pengaruh Waktu Pelapisan Elektro Nikel-Khrom Dekoratif terhadap Ketebalan, Kekerasan dan Kekasaran Lapisan,” J. Momentum, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 7–10, 2017.

R. Usman, “Pelapisan Baja dengan Logam Chrom terhadap Kekerasan Permukaan Melalui Proses Elektroplating,” Polimesin, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 67–70, 2004, [Online]. Available: http://e-jurnal.pnl.ac.id/polimesin/article/view/1402

T. Mulyanto and Mulyuda, “Analisi Sifat Mekanis pada Baja SS400 akibat Pengaruh Tebal Lapisan Chrome dengan Metode Elektroplating,” J. Tek., vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 22–27, 2017.

M. S. Amin, M. Darsin, and A. Sanata, “Optimasi Kekuatan Tarik Proses Electroplating SS400 Menggunakan Metode Taguchi,” J. Ris. Teknol. Ind., vol. 14, no. 1, p. 54, 2020, doi: 10.26578/jrti.v14i1.5839.

Ndariono, “The influence of the temperature of electrolyte, cathode current density about the thickness and the adhesiveness in electroplating process of copper-nickel-chromium,” University of Sebelas Maret Surakarta, 2011. [Online]. Available: https://eprints.uns.ac.id/2327/1/207751111201104461.pdf

I. Ansari, B. Indrawijaya, F. Nurohmawati, I. Zakaria, S. Kimiauniversitas, and A. Zinc, “Pengaruh Waktu dan Luas Permukaan terhadap Ketebalan Produk pada Elektroplating Acid Zinc (Study of Impact Time and Surface Area to Thickness at Electroplating on Acid Zinc),” J. Ilm. Tek. Kim. UNPAM, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2017, [Online]. Available: http://openjournal.unpam.ac.id/index.php/JITK/article/viewFile/522/426

A. H. K. Harsito, I. S. Aisyah, D. Daryono, A. Saifullah, H. Hendaryati, and S. Sudarman, “The Effect of Agitation Parameter on Hardness and Thickness of Decorative Nickel-Chrome Coating on A36 Steel using Electroplating Process,” J. Energy Mech. Mater. Manuf. Eng., vol. 5, no. 2, p. 47, 2020, doi: 10.22219/jemmme.v5i2.13726.

M. A.B. and R. Kurniawan, “Pengaruh Temperatur dengan Konsentrasi Elektrolit terhadap Hasil Elektroplating Tembaga pada Baja Karbon Rendah,” Polimesin, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 229–235, 2005, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/jp.v3i2.

Yuniati, “Pelapisan Baja Menggunakan Logam Nikel sebagai Penghambat Laju Korosi Baja Melalui Proses Elektroplating,” Polimesin, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 95–98, 2004, [Online]. Available: http://e-jurnal.pnl.ac.id/polimesin/article/view/1406

K. Krishnaiah and P. Shahabudeen, Applied Design of Experiments and Taguchi Method. New DelhI: PHI Learning Private Limited, 2012.

M. Kowalczyk, “Application of Taguchi and ANOVA methods in selection of process parameters for surface roughness in precision turning of titanium,” Adv. Manufactucturing Sci. Technol., vol. 38, no. 2, 2014, doi: 10.2478/amst-2014-0008.

Y. A. Youssef, Y. Beauchamp, and M. Thomas, “Comparison of a Full Factorial Experiment to Fractional and Taguchi Design in a Lathe Dry Cutting Operation,” Comput. ind. Engng., vol. 27, no. 94, pp. 59–62, 1994.

M. N. Islam and A. Pramanik, “Comparison of Design of Experiments via Traditional and Taguchi Method,” J. Adv. Manuf. Syst., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 151–160, 2016, doi: 10.1142/S0219686716500116.

ASTM, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of Cross Section. American Society for Testing and Material. Philadelphia: ASTM, 2013.

A. S. Darmawan, I. D. K. Okariawan, and N. H. Sari, “Pengaruh Variasi Kuat Arus Listrik dan Waktu Proses Electroplating terhadap Kekuatan Tarik, Kekerasan dan Ketebalan Lapisan pada Baja Karbon Rendah dengan Krom,” Din. Tek. Mesin, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 66–71, 2015.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/jpl.v20i2.2860