Enhancing Resource Efficiency in Urban Agriculture: A GA-Fuzzy Logic IoT-Based Smart Hydroponic Greenhouse

Munirul Ula, Athirah Rusadi, Muhammad Daud

Sari


Pertanian presisi berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) menawarkan solusi inovatif terhadap tantangan ketahanan pangan dan keterbatasan lahan di daerah perkotaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan mengevaluasi sistem rumah kaca cerdas berbasis hidroponik untuk budidaya tumpang sari anggur dan selada  menggunakan Nutrient Film Technique (NFT). Metodologi penelitian mengintegrasikan Pengendali Logika Fuzzy yang dioptimalkan dengan Algoritma Genetika (GA-FLC) untuk kontrol real-time enam parameter lingkungan: suhu, kelembapan, pH, konduktivitas listrik, intensitas cahaya, dan konsentrasi CO₂. Sistem menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP32 dengan array sensor presisi tinggi dan platform cloud (ThingSpeak, Firebase) untuk monitoring dan kontrol otomatis. Eksperimen dilaksanakan menggunakan Randomized Complete Block Design dengan dua faktor (sistem kontrol GA-FLC vs konvensional; monokultur vs tumpang sari) selama 120 hari di kondisi iklim tropis Bireuen, Aceh. Hasil menunjukkan sistem GA-FLC superior dalam akurasi kontrol dengan Mean Absolute Error suhu 0,7°C (61% lebih baik), response time aktuator 47-53% lebih cepat, dan efisiensi energi 25-30% lebih tinggi. Produktivitas anggur meningkat 27,8% (2,48 kg/tanaman) dan selada 23,7% (245 g/tanaman) dibandingkan sistem konvensional. Efisiensi sumber daya menunjukkan penghematan air 33,3%, energi 32,6%. Water Use Efficiency mencapai 12,4 kg/m³ dengan Energy Productivity 1,85 kg/kWh. Sistem ini memberikan kontribusi signifikan untuk pertanian perkotaan berkelanjutan dengan produktivitas tinggi, efisiensi sumber daya optimal, dan viabilitas ekonomi yang menarik untuk implementasi komersial di daerah tropis.


Teks Lengkap:

PDF

Referensi


United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, "World population projected to reach 9.8 billion in 2050, and 11.2 billion in 2100," World Population Prospects 2017, vol. 2017, pp. 1-15, Jun. 2017. [Online]. Available: https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2017_KeyFindings.pdf. DOI: 10.18356/b19523c6-en

World Bank, "World's population will continue to grow and will reach nearly 10 billion by 2050," World Bank Blogs, Apr. 2020. [Online]. Available: https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/world-population-continue-grow-2050. DOI: 10.1596/33883

A. Abbas, S. Jain, M. Gour, and S. Vankudothu, "Smart farming: Internet of Things (IoT)-based sustainable agriculture," Agriculture, vol. 12, no. 10, p. 1745, Oct. 2022. DOI: 10.3390/agriculture12101745

E. Navarro, N. Costa, and A. Pereira, "IoT-based agriculture management techniques for sustainable farming: A comprehensive review," Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 220, p. 108847, May 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.compag.2024.108847

N. Ahmed, M. De Neve, and I. Everaert, "Internet of Things based smart automated indoor hydroponics and aeroponics greenhouse in Egypt," Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 77, pp. 243-254, Nov. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2023.06.081

A. Rehman, T. Saba, M. Haseeb, and L. Larabi Marie-Sainte, "Towards making the fields talks: A real-time cloud enabled IoT crop management platform for smart agriculture," Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 13, p. 1030168, Dec. 2022. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1030168

R. R. Shamshiri, F. Kalantari, K. C. Ting, K. R. Thorp, I. A. Hameed, C. Weltzien, D. Ahmad, and Z. M. Shad, "MyGreen: An IoT-enabled smart greenhouse for sustainable agriculture," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 3428-3442, Mar. 2021. DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2020.3026023

M. Kumar, S. Yusuf, K. Mustafa, S. Abduallah, M. S. Al-Rawi, and W. Abbas, "Technologies, protocols, and applications of Internet of Things in greenhouse farming: A survey of recent advances," Smart Agricultural Technology, vol. 8, p. 100222, Dec. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.atech.2024.100222

M. A. Rahman, M. N. Hasan, M. A. Hoque, M. R. Islam, and M. S. Hossain, "IoT-based greenhouse technologies for enhanced crop production: a comprehensive study of monitoring, control, and communication techniques," Cogent Engineering, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 2306825, Feb. 2024. DOI: 10.1080/23311916.2024.2306825

A. Singh, A. Sharma, R. Tiwari, and S. K. Jha, "An AIoT-based hydroponic system for crop recommendation and nutrient parameter monitorization," Results in Engineering, vol. 23, p. 102777, Sep. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102777

O. D. Palmitessa, A. Signore, and P. Santamaria, "Advancements and future perspectives in nutrient film technique hydroponic system: a comprehensive review and bibliometric analysis," Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 15, p. 1504792, Dec. 2024. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1504792

J. Martínez-Lüscher, J. T. Matus, E. Gomès, and I. Pascual, "Toward understanding grapevine responses to climate change: a multi-stress and holistic approach," Journal of Experimental Botany, p. erae482, Nov. 2024. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae482

F. Dittrich, T. Iserloh, C.-H. Treseler, R. Hüppi, S. Ogan, M. Seeger, and S. Thiele-Bruhn, "Crop diversification in viticulture with aromatic plants: Effects of intercropping on grapevine productivity in a steep-slope vineyard in the Mosel area, Germany," Agriculture, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 95, Jan. 2021. DOI: 10.3390/agriculture11020095

L. Zhang, L. Wang, Z. Pan, H. Fu, Y. Yang, H. Yu, Y. Sui, Y. Xu, and F. Li, "The effects of nutrient solution concentration and preharvest short-duration continuous light on yield, quality, and energy efficiency in aeroponic intercropped lettuce," Horticulturae, vol. 11, no. 7, p. 815, Jul. 2025. DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae11070815

Y. Zhang, J. Li, H. Wang, and X. Chen, "A review of environmental control strategies and models for modern agricultural greenhouses," Applied Sciences, vol. 14, no. 4, p. 1456, Feb. 2024. DOI: 10.3390/app14041456

M. A. Al-Rashid, A. H. Al-Badi, N. K. Merrad, and H. A. Ameur, "Combining fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms to optimize cost, time and quality in modern agriculture," Sustainability, vol. 17, no. 7, p. 2829, Apr. 2025. DOI: 10.3390/su17072829

A. Rodríguez-Molina, M. G. Villarejo-Ramos, A. Requena-Mullor, and J. Alarcón-Valero, "A hydroponic greenhouse fuzzy control system: design, development and optimization using the genetic algorithm," Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 21, no. 1, p. e0202, Mar. 2023. DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2023211-18956

L. Chen, X. Wang, Y. Liu, and Z. Zhang, "Greenhouse environmental monitoring and control system based on improved fuzzy PID and neural network algorithms," Journal of Intelligent Systems, vol. 34, no. 1, p. 20240079, Jan. 2025. DOI: 10.1515/jisys-2024-0079

J. Riahi, H. Nasri, A. Mami, and S. Vergura, "Effectiveness of the fuzzy logic control to manage the microclimate inside a smart insulated greenhouse," Smart Cities, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 1304-1329, May 2024. DOI: 10.3390/smartcities7030055

A. K. Varshney and V. Torra, "Literature review of the recent trends and applications in various fuzzy rule-based systems," International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 2163-2186, Aug. 2023. DOI: 10.1007/s40815-023-01534-w

M. Azaza, F. Echaieb, E. Tadayyon, A. Basak, P. Wagh, N. Deepa, and L. Gonzalez, "Fuzzy-IoT smart irrigation system for precision scheduling and monitoring," Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 217, p. 108407, Feb. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.compag.2024.108407

A. Hafeez, T. Husain, M. A. Al-Shuhail, S. Rehman, and M. Shafiq, "Sustainable smart agriculture farming for cotton crop: A fuzzy logic rule based methodology," Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 18, p. 13874, Sep. 2023. DOI: 10.3390/su151813874

H. N. Ngugi, A. A. Akinyelu, and A. E. Ezugwu, "Machine learning and deep learning for crop disease diagnosis: Performance analysis and review," Agronomy, vol. 14, no. 12, p. 3001, Dec. 2024. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy14123001

A. B. Primawan and N. D. L. Kusuma, "Nutrition control in nutrient film technique hydroponic system using fuzzy method," in E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 475, p. 04002, Jan. 2024. DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202447504002

U. E. Chigbu, S. O. Atiku, and C. C. Du Plessis, "The science of literature reviews: Searching, identifying, selecting, and synthesising," Publications, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 2, Jan. 2023. DOI: 10.3390/publications11010002

E. Budianita, W. Fitri, and J. Jambak, "Design of a smart hydroponics monitoring system using an ESP32 microcontroller and the Internet of Things," Heliyon, vol. 9, no. 10, p. e20554, Oct. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20554

A. Alsadon, I. Ibrahim, M. Wahb-Allah, and S. Alsadon, "Intelligent and automatic irrigation system based on internet of things using fuzzy control technology," Scientific Reports, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 2357, Jan. 2025. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-52357-1

A. Kirimtat, O. Krejcar, A. Ekinci, and O. Kuca, "Optimizing greenhouse design with miniature models and IoT (Internet of Things) technology—A real-time monitoring approach," Applied Sciences, vol. 14, no. 7, p. 2871, Mar. 2024. DOI: 10.3390/app14072871

K. Kour, D. Gupta, K. Gupta, S. Dhiman, S. Bharany, A. Rehman, M. Shafiq, and H. Hamam, "Monitoring ambient parameters in the IoT precision agriculture scenario: An approach to sensor selection and hydroponic saffron cultivation," Sensors, vol. 22, no. 22, p. 8905, Nov. 2022. DOI: 10.3390/s22228905

K. Kour, D. Gupta, K. Gupta, S. Dhiman, S. Bharany, A. Rehman, M. Shafiq, and H. Hamam, "Smart-hydroponic-based framework for saffron cultivation: A precision smart agriculture perspective," Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 3, p. 1120, Jan. 2022. DOI: 10.3390/su14031120

A. Malik, A. Shakir, A. Ajmal, M. Khan, and S. Khan, "Calibration and validation of the FAO AquaCrop water productivity model for perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)," Water, vol. 14, no. 23, p. 3933, Dec. 2022. DOI: 10.3390/w14233933

I. F. Sousa, A. A. Kuneski, P. S. L. Freitas, N. T. Coelho, M. E. Báez-González, J. A. Serna-Pérez, and G. F. Silva, "AquaCrop model performance in yield, biomass, and water requirement simulations of common bean grown under different irrigation treatments and sowing periods," Horticulturae, vol. 9, no. 4, p. 507, Apr. 2023. DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae9040507

O. B. Adeboye, B. A. Osunbitan, K. O. Adekalu, and D. A. Okunade, "Assessment of the AquaCrop model to simulate the impact of soil fertility management on evapotranspiration, yield, and water productivity of maize (Zea May L.) in the sub-humid agro-ecology of Nigeria," Discover Agriculture, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 30, Mar. 2024. DOI: 10.1007/s44279-024-00030-8

L. Busetto, L. Ranghetti, S. Amaducci, R. Boschetti, Q. Huang, J. Manfron, A. Weiss, E. Vrieling, S. Robustelli, and P. A. Brivio, "Performance analysis of regional AquaCrop (v6.1) biomass and surface soil moisture simulations using satellite and in situ observations," Geoscientific Model Development, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 7309-7328, Dec. 2021. DOI: 10.5194/gmd-14-7309-2021




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/jaise.v5i3.7799

Refbacks

  • Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.


Indexing :

Creative Commons License
Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Software Engineering (JAISE) licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.