Design, production, and mechanical analysis of water-draining symmetrical sandals for slip prevention

Syamsul Hadi, Hangga Wicaksono, Muhammad Fakhruddin, Muhammad Nuhin, Muhammad Dafi Juniar Pradana, Aini Zuhra Binti Abdul Kadir, Muhd Ikmal Isyraf bin Mohd Maulana, Tuty Asma Abu Bakar

Abstract


Slipping accidents in ablution areas, sometimes leading to serious injuries or death, highlight the need for safer footwear. This study focuses on the design, production, and mechanical evaluation of symmetrical sandals with an elastic rubber-plastic composite base featuring horizontally branched drainage holes in the heel and phalange areas. The goal is to develop a sandal that effectively channels excess water away from the foot, minimizing slip hazards. The methodology includes symmetrical sandal design, mold fabrication, injection molding trials, and mechanical testing. The results indicate that the sandal base exhibits an elasticity range of 8 to 9.5 kg·s/mm, allowing effective water drainage. The tensile strength of the straps ranges from 17.1 to 20.8 kgf, surpassing the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 8879:2020) requirement of 12 kgf. These findings suggest that the sandal design enhances safety while maintaining durability.


Keywords


symmetrical sandals, sandal base molds, sandal strap molds, elasticity level, tensile force.

Full Text:

PDF

References


S. Hadi, “Design of ablution sandals in a symmetrical shape with holes that drain water from rubber sponge,†Simple Patent Certificate, No. IDS000005966; https://pdki-indonesia.dgip.go.id/search?type=patent&keyword=Sandal+Wudu&page=1&showFilter=true, 9 January 2024.

List of SNI, SNI 8879-2020, “Footwear-Sandals-Quality requirements and test methods and SNI 12-7074-2005, PVC plastic sandals,†https://akses-sni.bsn.go.id/sni, accessed 27 November 2024.

Y.D. Ermaniardo, and S. Hadi, “Analisis pemlastis dop dalam resin pvc terhadap kekuatan tarik alas sandal simetri,†INTEK Jurnal Penelitian, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp 8-12, 2019.

A.M. Faradini, “Rancang bangun cetakan sole sepatu rotary injection molding,†Departemen Teknik Mesin Industri, ITS, pp 1-67, 2018.

F. Thomas, S.Y. Lubis, and Rosehan, “Pengaruh kecepatan potong terhadap kekasaran permukaan cetakan pada mesin milling CNC,†Jurnal Teknik Industri Terintegrasi, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp 304-312, 2023.

M. Hartono, Gumono, H. Wicaksono, and R.A. Ismoyo, “Characterization of differences in cavity positions orientation in the multi cavity plastic molding process on the product defects,†ATASEC 2022, AER 219, pp 76-90, 2022.

A.F. Rosadi, and M.W. Syabani, “The effect of heating temperature on the thickness and color conformity of the polyvinyl chloride based synthetic leather,†Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit, Politeknik ATK, Yogyakarta, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp 118-128, 2022.

D.V. Stan, “Considerations on the drying of the raw material and consequences on the quality of the injected products,†Materiale Plastice, Vol. 57, No. 1, pp 46-56, 2020.

S.C. Chen, H. Su, J.J. Mathew, H. Gunawan, C.W. Huang, and C.T. Feng, “An investigation to reduce the effect of moisture on injection-molded parts through optimization of plasticization parameters,†applied sciences, Vol. 12, No. 1410, pp 1-18, 2022.

B. Pratap, R.K. Gupta, A. Yadav, and M. Nag, “Plastic injection molding and its process parameters,†2nd International Conference on Mechanical Materials and Renewable Energy, 2273, 050053, pp 1-7, 2020.

K. Yang, Y.Wang, and G. Wang, “Research on the injection mold design and molding process parameter optimization of a car door inner panel,†Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 7280643, pp 1-18, 2022.

I. Mawardi, A. Jannifar, and H. Lubis, “Effect of injection temperature on defect plastic products,†IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 536, 012102, 2019.

C.Y. Chung, S.S. Hwang, S.C. Chen, and M.C. Lai, “Effects of injection molding process parameters on the chemical foaming behavior of polypropylene and polystyrene,†Polymers, Vol. 13, No. 2331, pp 1-17, 2021.

S. Li, X.Y. Fan, Y.H. Guo, X. Liu, H.Y. Huang, Y.L. Cao, and L.L. Li, “Optimization of injection molding process of transparent complex multi-cavity parts based on kriging model and various optimization techniques,†Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Vol. 46, No. 12, pp 11835-11845, 2021.

C.C. Kuo, Y.J. Zhu, Y.Z. Wu, and Z.Y. You, “Development and application of a large injection mold with conformal cooling channels,†The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 103, No. 1-4, pp 689-701, 2019.

S.M.S. Mukras, “Experimental-based optimization of injection molding process parameters for short product cycle time,†Advances in Polymer Technology, 1309209, pp 1-15, 2020.

A.A. Iniesta, O.Cuate, and O. Schütze, “Multi-objective and many objective design of plastic injection molding process,†The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, February, pp 1-16, 2019.

H.S. Park, X.P. Dang, D.S. Nguyen, S. Kumar, “Design of advanced injection mold to increase cooling efficiency,†International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology, 7, pp 319-328, 2020.

P. Wu, Y. Wang, X. Shan, “Study on simulation of injection process and optimization of process parameters of polypropylene bottle embryo,†Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 852, pp 11-20, 2020.

S. Ramesh, P. Nirmala, G. Ramkumar, S. Sahoo, G. Anitha, A.K. Gnanasekar, and J.I.J.R. Lalvani, “Simulation process of injection molding and optimization for automobile Instrument Parameter in Embedded System,†Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 9720297, pp 1-10, 2021.

G. Marsura, J.O. Bahu, L.P. Tovar, R.F Felisbino, E.L. Gomes, “From recycle pvc and its blends to eco-friendly materials for the footwear industry in brazil: insight into the process and evaluation of the mechanical properties,†Research Square, October, pp 1-10, 2023.

K. Wilczyński,and P. Narowski, “A Strategy for problem solving of filling imbalance in geometrically balanced injection molds,†Polymers, Vol. 12, No. 805, pp 1-20, 2020.

S. Kitayama, R. Ishizuki, M. Takano, Y.Kubo, and S. Aiba, “Optimization of mold temperature profile and process parameters for weld line reduction and short cycle time in rapid heat cycle molding,†The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, March, pp 1-10, 2019.

G. Dong, G. Zhao, L. Zhang, J. Hou, B. Li, and G. Wang, “Morphology evolution and elimination mechanism of bubble marks on surface of microcellular injection-molded parts with dynamic mold temperature control,†Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp 1089-1101, 2018.

R. Bernatas, S. Dagreou, A.D. Ferreres, and A. Barasinski, “Recycling of fiber reinforced composites with a focus on thermoplastic composites,†Cleaner Engineering and Technology 5, No. 100272, pp 1-37, 2021.

F. Zhang, Y. Zhao, D. Wang, M. Yan, J. Zhang, P. Zhang, C. Chen, “Current technologies for plastic waste treatment: a review,†Journal of Cleaner Production, Pre-proof, 2020.

M.G. Kibria, N.I. Masuk, R. Safayet, H.Q. Nguyen, M. Mourshed, “Plastic waste: challenges and opportunities to mitigate pollution and effective management,†Int J Environ Res, pp 1-37, 2023.

R.A. Ismoyo, M. Hartono, A. Murdani, Optimizing injection molding parameters to minimize and prediction potential for flashing defects, Jurnal Polimesin, 21(6), 589-597, 2023.

C. Budiyantoro, F.Yudhanto, Enhancing mechanical properties of waste expanded polystyrene composites through varied coupling agents and wood powder formulations, Jurnal Polimesin, 22(2), 227-233, 2024.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/jpl.v23i1.6143

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Lisensi Creative Commons

Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional .

 

Alamat Surat :

Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe
Jl. Banda Aceh-Medan Km 280
Buketrata, Lhokseumawe, 24301, Aceh, Indonesia