Investigation of the Mechanical Behavior of Laminated Composites Gypsum-Based Plastic Sack Waste Fiber

Indra Mawardi; Samsul Bahri; Hamdani Nurdin; Irwin Syahri Cebro; Luthfi Luthfi; Zuhaimi Zuhaimi; Zuhaimi Zuhaimi; Ismi Amalia; Ismi Amalia

doi:10.30811/jpl.v21i1.3275

Investigation of the Mechanical Behavior of Laminated Composites Gypsum-Based Plastic Sack Waste Fiber

Indra Mawardi, Samsul Bahri, Hamdani Nurdin, Irwin Syahri Cebro, Luthfi Luthfi, Zuhaimi Zuhaimi, Zuhaimi Zuhaimi, Ismi Amalia, Ismi Amalia

Abstract

The existence of plastic waste, such as used plastic sacks in large quantities, is a crucial problem for the environment and health because of its very low biodegradability. Therefore, reusing plastic sack waste as reinforcement in gypsum composites is a major research issue. This study investigates the mechanical and physical properties of gypsum composites reinforced with fiber layers from plastic sack waste. Gypsum composites are produced using casting gypsum flour as the matrix and various fiber layers from plastic sack waste (1, 2, 3, 4) as reinforcement. Gypsum-based laminated composites were tested for density, flexural strength, and compression. The behavior of mechanical, physical, and damage properties is studied to see its suitability as a building material. The results showed that gypsum composites' density decreased with increasing sack fiber layers. The density of gypsum composites ranges from 1064-1199 kg/m³, with a maximum value in samples with 100% gypsum. The flexural strength of gypsum composites ranges from 2.21-4.10 MPa, and the compressive strength ranges from 3.5-6.66 MPa. Increasing the number of layers of plastic sack fibers reduces density, flexural strength, and compressive strength. However, all the mechanical properties of gypsum composites met the requirements of the EN 13279-2 standard. Failure of fiber delamination with the resulting matrix is the main cause of the decrease in mechanical strength

Keywords

plastic sack waste, gypsum composite, flexural strength, compressive strength, laminated

Full Text:

PDF

References

I. Mawardi and H. Lubis, Proses Manufaktur Plastik Dan Komposit. Penerbit Andi.

I. Mawardi, A. Azwar, and A. Rizal, “Kajian Perlakuan Serat Sabut Kelapa Terhadap Sifat Mekanis Komposit Epoksi Serat Sabut Kelapa,” J. POLIMESIN, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 22–29, 2017.

U. N. E. Assembly, “Addressing single-use plastic products pollution” (UNEP/EA.4/L.10, 2019),” 2019.

U. Nations, “Sustainable development goal 14,” 2018.

S. B. Borrelle et al., “Predicted growth in plastic waste exceeds efforts to mitigate plastic pollution,” Science (80-. )., vol. 369, no. 6510, pp. 1515–1518, 2020.

U. N. E. Assembly, “UNEA resolutions: Marine litter and microplastics (1/6, 2/11, 3/7, 4/6),” 2019.

S. Kaza, L. Yao, P. Bhada-Tata, and F. Van Woerden, What a waste 2.0: a global snapshot of solid waste management to 2050. World Bank Publications, 2018.

K. A. De Oliveira, C. A. B. Oliveira, and J. C. Molina, “Lightweight recycled gypsum with residues of expanded polystyrene and cellulose fiber to improve thermal properties of gypsum,” Mater. Construcción, vol. 71, no. 341, pp. e242–e242, 2021.

M. I. Romero-Gómez, P. Rubio-De-Hita, M. A. Pedreño-Rojas, M. J. Morales-Conde, And F. Pérez-Gálvez, “Recycling Of Low-Density Polyethylene Waste To Produce Eco-Friendly Gypsum Composites,” Waste Manag. Environ. Impact XI, vol. 257, p. 73, 2022.

A. S.-A. González, M. del Río Merino, and P. V. Sáez, “Lightweight construction material made with gypsum and exruded polystyrene waste,” in Proceedings of the II International congress on sustainable construction and eco-efficient solutions: Seville 25-27 may 2015, 2015, pp. 434–442.

S. Karaman, S. Şahin, H. Günal, and I. Örüng, “Stabilization of waste pet bottles with Gypsum,” 2006.

M. Álvarez, D. Ferrández, C. Morón, and E. Atanes-Sánchez, “Characterization of a New Lightened Gypsum-Based Material Reinforced with Fibers. Materials 2021, 14, 1203.” s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published …, 2021.

A. San-Antonio-González, M. D. R. Merino, C. V. Arrebola, and P. Villoria-Sáez, “Lightweight material made with gypsum and EPS waste with enhanced mechanical strength,” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., vol. 28, no. 2, p. 4015101, 2016.

M. del Rio Merino, P. V. Sáez, I. Longobardi, J. S. C. Astorqui, and C. Porras-Amores, “Redesigning lightweight gypsum with mixes of polystyrene waste from construction and demolition waste,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 220, pp. 144–151, 2019.

Y. Ghernouti, B. Rabehi, B. Safi, and R. Chaid, “Use of recycled plastic bag waste in the concrete,” J. Int. Sci. Publ. Mater. Methods Technol., vol. 8, pp. 480–487, 2011.

A. K. Jassim, “Recycling of polyethylene waste to produce plastic cement,” Procedia Manuf., vol. 8, pp. 635–642, 2017.

ASTM C473, Standard Test Methods for Physical Testing of Gypsum Panel Products. West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM International, 2015.

ASTM C 472, Standard Test Methods for Physical Testing of Gypsum, Gypsum Plasters and Gypsum Concrete. West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM International, 2009.

M. del Río Merino, P. Villoria Sáez, J. Santa Cruz Astorqui, A. Rodríguez Sánchez, and C. Porras Amores, “Lightweight gypsum mortar with construction waste to be used as coatings with improved superficial hardness,” 2017.

J. A. Flores Yepes, L. M. Serna Jara, A. M. Gabarrón, A. M. Codes Alcaraz, and J. J. Pastor Pérez, “Analysis of Additives in Gypsum Coatings Based on Melamine, Polycarbonate Salts, Polycarboxylate, and Polycarboxylic Acids,” Coatings, vol. 11, no. 10, p. 1204, 2021.

U. E. 13279-2, “Construction plasters. Part 2: Test methods,” 2006.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/jpl.v21i1.3275