Analisis Kerusakan Balok Berdasarkan Perubahan Nilai Frekuensi dan Mode Shapes
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh tingkat kerusakan terhadap respons dinamis elemen lentur pada struktur balok dengan menggunakan pendekatan metode elemen hingga. Kerusakan pada balok diasumsikan terjadi akibat adanya retak yang mengakibatkan penurunan kekakuan tanpa mempengaruhi massa dan momen inersia struktur. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan model elemen balok Hermitian yang memiliki dua derajat kebebasan pada setiap nodal, yaitu translasi arah vertikal dan rotasi terhadap sumbu horizontal. Kajian ini difokuskan pada perubahan karakteristik dinamis berupa frekuensi alami dan bentuk modus getar (mode shape) sebagai parameter utama dalam proses identifikasi kerusakan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan tingkat kerusakan dan jumlah elemen yang rusak menyebabkan penurunan nilai frekuensi alami serta perubahan yang signifikan pada pola modal amplitude. Pada skenario kerusakan DC2, perbedaan antara kondisi tidak rusak (undamaged) dan rusak (damaged) menunjukkan deviasi paling besar dibandingkan skenario lainnya. Selain itu, hubungan antara rasio tinggi retak terhadap tinggi balok (s) dan taraf kerusakan menunjukkan korelasi langsung, di mana peningkatan nilai s dari 0,15 menjadi 0,30 menyebabkan kenaikan taraf kerusakan dari 0,17 menjadi 0,50. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa pendekatan berbasis dinamika struktur melalui Vibration-Based Damage Detection (VBDD) mampu mendeteksi degradasi kekakuan secara efektif dan non-destruktif. Hasil ini diharapkan dapat mendukung pengembangan sistem Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) untuk meningkatkan keandalan dan keamanan infrastruktur sipil.
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